№ 3 (33), 2023

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Scientific Journal “Regional and municipal governance: politics, economics and law”. Volume 11, Issue 4 (38), 2024

CONTENTS

POLITICAL HISTORY

• Slizovsky D.E. Empires – the Beginning or the "End of History"? (Review of Contemporary Researches and Narratives). Part I
• Medvedev N.P. Political History of the 90s: Reform of the State Structure of Modern Russia. Part II

POLITICAL ISSUES

• Kornuta I.V., Asonov N.V. The Masonic Organization "Nxivm" as a Hidden Actor of Political Relations

REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES

• Ayupova Z.K., Kussainov D.U. The Role and Place of the Legal System in the Implementation of Reforms in the Social Spherem
• Medvedev V.N. The Current State of Legal Regulation of Construction Control in the Russian Federation

REVIEWS

• Amiantov A.A., Slizovskiy D.E. The Soviet Experience of Youth Tourism: Theoretical Abstractions (Based on the Latest Research)

POLITICAL HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.001

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

EMPIRES – THE BEGINNING OR THE "END OF HISTORY"? (REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCHES AND NARRATIVES). PART I

The article is an analytical review of the latest Russian studies of the concept of "empire" and its real forms and types, constructed by the imperial power over a thousand years. Of particular interest is the attempt at a comparative-intersecting analysis, on the one hand, of the theoretical abstractions of the idea and concept of "empire", on the other – the policy of their refraction in the political decisions of the party-Soviet center in 1989-1991 to preserve the Soviet Union and itself, but which turned out to be a failure, a mistake. The ideologists, developers and executors of such a policy turned out to be not at the height of theoretical abilities and practical experience to understand the meaning and value of the imperial essence of the country, state and power. The following conclusions from our analysis may be unexpected, not indisputable, polemical, but therefore valuable: a) The Russian Federation can and should be predominantly an empire, an empire of leadership influence. In theory, this is an abnormal normality or a paradox of essences; b) The historical and political reality of the thousand-year development of Rus-Russia, the heir of which is the Russian Federation, give examples of the birth, rebirth and revival of the imperial essence of the country, state, institutions, culture, power relations between the imperial center and its periphery inside and outside the imperial spatial area. Commitment to, consideration of such a guideline and following it in the policy of relations between the power of the center and the periphery can be considered correct, honest and the most realistic. The question remains open: is imperial Russia ready and able to be a leading empire and a leader, an institution guaranteeing the representation and provision of national interests within the country and have the confidence to become a defender of security abroad?

Key words: empire, Russian empire, empires and nationalism, multinationality, national minorities, Soviet autonomies, USSR, national republics, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.002

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chairman of the Commission of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations, People's Deputy of Russia (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90S: REFORM OF THE STATE STRUCTURE OF MODERN RUSSIA. PART II

The article analyzes the controversial issues of reforming the state structure of Russia in the 90s of the last century. Based on his memoirs and materials of his monographic research of 1993-1995, the author makes an attempt to scientifically analyze the political consequences of state decisions made in those years. Particular attention in the publication is paid to the problems of the "parade of sovereignties" of the former autonomous republics and autonomous regions of Russia. The sources of the collapse of the Union of the USSR are studied.

Key words: state structure, Russian Federation, Federal Treaty, national relations, political reforms of the 90s, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, Supreme Soviet of the USSR, "parade of sovereignties", collapse of the USSR.

POLITICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.003

I.V. KORNUTA PhD Student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

N.V. ASONOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE MASONIC ORGANIZATION "NXIVM" AS A HIDDEN ACTOR OF POLITICAL RELATIONS

The article analyzes the Masonic cult of "NXIVM" and the range of political technologies used by it. The genesis of the organization, which, according to the author, is only a link in a larger network of Masonic organizations in the United States, is an interesting object for research within the framework of the genesis of the deep state. Thus, on the example of "NXIVM" it is proposed to consider the political interests of the hidden actors of the political relations, whose views are usually obscured in a declarative form. And also to trace the specifics of the life cycle of such organizations as a phenomenon of the socio-political environment.

Key words: NXIVM, Deep State, cult, freemasonry, politics, power, political technologies.

REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.004

Z.K. AYUPOVA Doctor of Law, Professor of Law, Chair of “Law” of Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

D.U. KUSSAINOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of Philosophy, Chair of “Politology and social- philosophical disciplines” of Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, Almaty, Kazakhstan

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REFORMS IN THE SOCIAL SPHEREM

Kazakhstan has been declared a social state. In article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, this provision is enshrined along with the statements of our state itself – democratic, secular and legal, “the highest values of which are man, his life, rights and freedoms”. In our opinion, one can see a lot of tautological things in these characteristics, because a state governed by the law-abiding state cannot be anti-democratic or anti-social, if one does not lose sight of the fact that law is much higher than law, that law is, first of all, a natural law, based on the principles of justice and, in general, universal norms of morality. But such repetitions in the text of the Basic Law, apparently, are justified in our conditions of a post-totalitarian state, distorted ideas about law, low legal culture, lack of unified systems of legislation, legal system, organically included in the entire social system and interacting with all its systems (subsystems) – social (ethnic, class etc.), spiritual, cultural, economic and political-state.

Key words: social sphere, social state, hearing state, social legislation, social law, market mechanisms, socially oriented legislation, equality democracy, inter-organizational phenomenon, consumer society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.005

V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Law Disciplines IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation Deputy Director of the Federal Autonomous Institution "Federal Center for Standardization, Standardization and Technical Conformity Assessment in Construction" of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE CURRENT STATE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CONSTRUCTION CONTROL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is devoted to aspects of the legal regulation of construction control. The author analyzes the current and new regulatory legal acts adopted in the development of the provisions of art. 53 of the Urban Planning Code on construction control. The problems and prospects of further legal regulation are highlighted separately, in particular on the example of the new territories of the Russian Federation.

Key words: technical regulation, construction, law, buildings, structures, methods, justification, tests, modeling, documents, standardization.

REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.38.4.006

A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the P. Lumumba RUDN University, Assistant to the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Youth Policy, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor P. Lumumba Rudn University, Moscow, Russia

THE SOVIET EXPERIENCE OF YOUTH TOURISM: THEORETICAL ABSTRACTIONS (BASED ON THE LATEST RESEARCH)

Based on a critical analysis of the materials of the latest domestic and foreign scientific publications, including in the study the memoirs of one of the leaders and organizers of the regional tourist bureau "Sputnik", the article shows the living history, experience of the formation and development of youth tourism in the USSR in the 50-80 years the twentieth century. The results of the study, firstly, "break" the prevailing erroneous opinions on two points: a) that after the Second World War, only developed Western countries and their governments, in order to prevent the threat of being drawn into a new war, embarked on the path of youth tourism as a special type and specific policy of developing the horizons of youth, enriching their knowledge with culture and the way of life of other nations. The Soviet Union was excluded from this history of youth tourism, or its practice was interpreted only from the point of view of ideological postulates; b) we are talking about the distinctive principles and features of youth tourism in whatever form it appears between what the countries of the capitalist (imperialist bloc, calling themselves democratic, whose economies were market-based) and the model of youth tourism in the USSR and the countries of popular democracy represented. Secondly, the institutionalization and base of youth tourism in the USSR in the post-war period was created. It was not much inferior to the same base in other countries. The geography and volume of inbound and outbound tourism, hospitality techniques and display facilities are realistic in this regard. The truth is that in Soviet youth tourism, in the countries discovered by Soviet youth abroad, it was already possible to detect signs of indecision, boyishness, carelessness, but not an ounce of indifference. The truth is that in Soviet youth tourism, in the countries discovered by Soviet youth abroad, it was already possible to detect signs of indecision, boyishness, carelessness, but not an ounce of indifference. Yes, there were no fanatical adherents of socialist discipline in the shadowy elements of youth tourism, but the bearers of such a model of behavior were constantly at odds with themselves. Another pattern of behavior and worldview was obvious to the youth of other countries. What is this model of attitudes? The view of young foreigners on Soviet reality is two halves of entities that do not fit together, unable to recognize the Russian spirit, immoderate and unshakeable in its excess.

Key words: youth, Soviet youth, youth tourism, tourism in the USSR.

 

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Scientific Journal “Regional and municipal governance: politics, economics and law”. Volume 11, Issue 3 (37), 2024

CONTENTS

QUESTIONS OF HISTORY

• Medvedev N.P. Political History of the 90s: Reform of the State Structure of Modern Russia. Part I
• Ivantsov I.G., Kolomeytsev E.M. The Party School of Grassroots Managers. Lenpartuchgorodok. 1931-1932

POLITICAL ISSUES

• Batyanovsky V.V., Maystat M.A. Modern Reading of S. Huntington's Concept: Theoretical Foundations of the Civilizational Approach and Scientific Novelty of S. Huntington's Works
• Kornuta I.V., Asonov N.V. Critical Review: Bohemian Grove and other Havens of the Elites. A Study of the Cohesion of the Ruling Class
• Lomtev A.V. The Ideological Basis of the Structure of Turkish Society and the Development of the Modern Kemalist State

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

• Ayupova Z.K., Kairbekuly A. Problems of Crisis Management of Enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan

QUESTIONS OF HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.001

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chairman of the Commission of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations, People's Deputy of Russia (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90S: REFORM OF THE STATE STRUCTURE OF MODERN RUSSIA PART I

The article analyzes the controversial issues of reforming the system of state structure of Russia in the 90s of the last century. Based on his memoirs and materials of his monographic research of 1993-1995, the author makes an attempt to scientifically analyze the political consequences of state decisions made in those years. Particular attention in the publication is paid to the problems of the "parade of sovereignties" of the former autonomous republics and autonomous regions of Russia. The sources of the collapse of the Union of the USSR are examined.

Key words: state structure, Russian Federation, Federal Treaty, national relations, political reforms of the 90s, Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, Supreme Soviet of the USSR, "parade of sovereignties", collapse of the USSR.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.002

I.G. IVANTSOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the 1st Department, KVVU named after S.M. Shtemenko, Krasnodar, Russia

E.M. KOLOMEYTSEV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the 1st Department, KVVU named after S.M. Shtemenko, Krasnodar, Russia

THE PARTY SCHOOL OF GRASSROOTS MANAGERS. LENPARTUCHGORODOK. 1931-1932

The main topic of the article is the activities of the North Caucasus regional party school (Lenpartuchgorodok), in the city of Gelendzhik, at the turn of 1931-1932. The party and state leadership of the USSR paid primary attention to increasing the educational, ideological, political and professional level of leading personnel at the grassroots level, including enterprises, collective farms, etc. A wide network of full-time, evening, and correspondence party educational organizations of various ranks was created in the country for the training and retraining of party and Soviet workers. The curricula of various courses provided for different training periods, which depended, among other things, on the degree of theoretical and general educational training of the students of the courses. In time they could be from one and a half to two months to two to three years. Recruitment of cadets, as a rule, was carried out in the areas of their immediate professional activity. Their candidacies were recommended and they were sent for targeted training (training, retraining) by local party committees, collective farms, organizations, and enterprises. All candidates must be approved by the district committees of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Upon arriving at party schools, they were subject to a mandatory check of their general literacy level. After this kind of exam, if it was passed successfully, they were distributed according to departments (groups) and areas of training. During their training, teachers used pedagogical techniques that were new for that period, such as shock training, socialist competition, and the brigade method of teaching, which were very characteristic of the era of the 1930s. After successfully completing the courses in Lenpartuchgorodok, graduates were recommended for “use” according to the profile of the training completed. The task of distributing them to the appropriate positions was the responsibility of the district committees of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the North Caucasus region.

Key words: All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Gelendzhik, party educational campus, training of communist managers, training programs.

POLITICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.003

V.V. BATYANOVSKY Master's student of the Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN READING OF S. HUNTINGTON'S CONCEPT: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH AND SCIENTIFIC NOVELTY OF S. HUNTINGTON'S WORKS

The work provides an analysis of the fundamental foundations of the civilizational approach and characterizes the scientific novelty of S. Huntington’s concept for civilizational analysis and for the entire scientific community.

Key words: civilizational approach, civilization, religion, culture, core states, modernization, westernization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.004

I.V. KORNUTA PhD Student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

N.V. ASONOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

CRITICAL REVIEW: BOHEMIAN GROVE AND OTHER HAVENS OF THE ELITES. A STUDY OF THE COHESION OF THE RULING CLASS

In this article, the authors attempt to reinterpret Harold R. Kerbo's review article critically examining G. William Domhoff's study "Bohemian Grove and Other Retreats: A Study of Ruling-Class Cohesiveness" and present its theses for Russian political science. In his article, Kerbo discusses the methodological approach, results, and conclusions of Domhoff's study in the context of sociological research on ruling elites, which is valuable for the political science study of the institutional foundations of the American political system.

Key words: USA, Politics, Bohemian Grove, Political Science, Social Sciences, Freemasonry, Ruling Class, Elites.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.005

A.V. LOMTEV Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF TURKISH SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN KEMALIST STATE

Despite the fact that after the death of Kemal Ataturk and the rise of the Islamic paradigm, the development of Kemalist ideology and the institutionalization of Kemalism gradually came to an end, Kemalism is still recognized as a strong and officially recognized ideology in modern Turkey, still dominating in many public areas. However, when the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in 2002, the symbolic and political confrontation between the Kemalists and the Islamists escalated. If secular nationalists resisted the policy of "demarcation" pursued by the AKP, then the nationalist Islamist Ottomans began to oppose the Kemalist establishment, seeking to restore the "genuine" Ottoman Islamic state. The rivalry between supporters of Kemalist and Islamist nationalism reveals irreconcilable differences and discourses of alienation. The victory of the Kemalists ensures the continuation of the centuries-old republic, the victory of the Islamists closes the "Westernization process" and opens the way to the revival of the Ottoman Empire. The symbolic manifestations of this confrontation indicate serious political tension, which is only growing.

Key words: Kemalism, political Islam, Islamism, Republic of Turkey, Ataturk.

ECONOMICAL ISSUES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.37.3.006

Z.K. AYUPOVA Doctor of Law, Professor of Law, Chair of “Law” of Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

A. KAIRBEKULY Master of Economics, Procurement Specialist of the Branch “Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Physics and Mathematics, Semey, Kazakhstan

PROBLEMS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The global economic crisis, which is shaking countries and continents today, has not spared Kazakhstan either. In general, the macroeconomic situation in Kazakhstan, although it remains difficult, is manageable. To get out of this situation, active measures on the part of government agencies are required. According to many experts, Kazakhstan’s anti-crisis policy is the most effective among the CIS countries. In the rating of crisis resistance among the post-Soviet countries, Kazakhstan ranks first. The basis for the rating was the results of a survey conducted among experts on the post-Soviet space, political scientists, columnists, journalists, and representatives of public authorities. The interviewed experts assess the chances of implementing the anti-crisis program as significant, due to healthy political and economic ambitions. The article presents the chances of implementing the anti-crisis program in the light of political and economic ambitions. Today, the focus is on crisis management. This is a significant event when both scientists and professionals in this field discuss this topic. After all, the lack of close cooperation between them can lead to irrational, hasty and inappropriate management decisions in different sectors of the economy. The concept of “crisis management” has emerged in Kazakhstan relatively recently. It is believed that it arose as a result of the economic reform of Kazakhstan, as our country gradually entered the crisis zone. Many did not expect that the reforms would lead to a crisis, but now many understand that only a new qualitative form of management can bring the economy out of crisis, which will help solve two interrelated problems – recognizing the crisis and preventing the crisis.

Key words: crisis, crisis situation, global economy, enterprise crisis, crisis management, real economy, global recession, anti-crisis measures, international financial organizations, recession.